Skaala_et_al_2019

An extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits.

Dataset Creator	Dataset Title	Dataset Release Date	Dataset Publisher	Dataset DOI	Online Resource
Øystein Skaala, Francois Besnier, Reidar Borgstrøm, BjørnTorgeir Barlaup, Anne Grete Sørvik, Eirik Normann, Britt Iren Østebø, Michael Møller Hansen, Kevin Alan Glover	An extensive common‐garden study with domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon in the wild reveals impact on smolt production and shifts in fitness traits.	2019-03-20T00:00:00:00Z	Institute of Marine Research	10.21335/NMDC-806700432	ftp://ftp.nmdc.no

Role	First Name	Last Name	Email
Technical Contact	Arnfinn	Morvik	arnfinn.morvik@hi.no
Investigator	Øystein	Skaala	oystein.skaala@hi.no

Category	Topic	Term	Variable Level 1	Variable Level 2	Variable Level 3
EARTH SCIENCE	BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION	ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES	FISH	RAY-FINNED FISHES	SALMONS/TROUTS

Inland Waters

Salmon,escapees,genetics

Start Date	Stop Date
2011-04-15	2015-06-11

Complete

Location Category	Location Type	Location Subregion1
Ocean	Atlantic Ocean	North Atlantic Ocean

Short Name	Long Name
nmdc	NMDC

unrestricted

Institute of Marine Research

Data Center Name	Personnel	Data Center URL
Institute of Marine Research, Norwegian Marine Data Centre, Norway Institute of Marine Research, Norwegian Marine Data Centre, Norway	Datacenter Arnfinn Morvik arnfinn.morvik@hi.no
NO/IMR Institute of Marine Research	Originating institution Øystein Skaala oystein.skaala@hi.no	http://www.imr.no

Distribution Media	Distribution Format
ftp	Microsoft Excel

Interactions between domesticated escapees and wild conspecifics represent a threat to the genetic integrity and fitness of native populations. For Atlantic salmon, the recurrent presence of large numbers of domesticated escapees in the wild makes it necessary to better understand their impacts on native populations. We planted 254,400 eggs from 75 families of domesticated, F1‐hybrid, and wild salmon in a river containing upand downstream traps. Additionally, 41,630 hatchery smolts of the same pedigrees were released into the river. Over 8 years, 6,669 out‐migrating smolts and 356 returning adults were recaptured and identified to their families of origin with DNA. In comparison with wild salmon, domesticated fish had substantially lower egg to smolt survival (1.8% vs. 3.8% across cohorts), they migrated earlier in the year (11.8 days earlier across years), but they only displayed marginally larger smolt sizes and marginally lower smolt ages. Upon return to freshwater, domesticated salmon were substantially larger at age than wild salmon (2.4 vs. 2.0, 4.8 vs. 3.2, and 8.5 vs. 5.6 kg across sexes for 1, 2, and 3 sea‐winter fish) and displayed substantially lower released smolt to adult survival (0.41% vs. 0.94% across releases). Overall, egg‐to‐returning adult survival ratios were 1:0.76:0.30 and 1:0.44:0.21 for wild:F1‐hybrid:domesticated salmon, respectively, using two different types of data. This study represents the most updated and extensive analysis of domesticated, hybrid, and wild salmon in the wild and provides the first documentation of a clear genetic difference in the timing of smolt migration—an adaptive trait presumed to be linked with optimal timing of entry to seawater. We conclude that spawning and hybridization of domesticated escapees can lead to (i) reduced wild smolt output and therefore wild adult abundance, through resource competition in freshwater, (ii) reduced total adult abundance due to freshwater competition and reduced marine survival of domesticated salmon, and (iii) maladaptive changes in phenotypic traits.

URL Content Type	URL
GET DATA	https://ftp.nmdc.no/nmdc/IMR/feltdata/Skaala_et_al_2019.zip
VIEW RELATED INFORMATION	https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eva.12777

Norwegian Marine Datacentre

CEOS IDN DIF

9.7.1

2019-03-21T00:00:00:00Z

CC BY 4.0